In an era where information travels across global networks in fractions of a second, the subject of data interception moves from niche security discussions to everyday concerns for organisations and individuals alike. Data interception refers to the unauthorised access, capture, or manipulation of data as it moves between devices, applications, or services. It can take…
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In the twenty-first century, the cyber heist has emerged as one of the most consequential threats to financial systems, corporations and individuals alike. Far from being a purely technical curiosity, a cyber heist represents a calculated assault on trust, governance and the infrastructure that underpins modern commerce. This article presents a comprehensive exploration of cyber…
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In the evolving landscape of digital communication, ESP IPsec stands as a cornerstone technology for protecting data in transit. Whether you are securing a corporate site-to-site VPN, enabling remote access for staff, or connecting cloud resources, understanding how ESP IPsec operates, and how to implement it correctly, is essential. This guide dives deep into the…
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Port 990 is a topic that sits at the crossroads of network security, email reliability, and system administration. While the majority of mail systems today rely on port 993 for IMAP over TLS, there are scenarios where port 990 remains in active use. This article explains what Port 990 is, how it differs from other…
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In the realm of online security, the term keylogger often evokes concern. But knowledge is power: understanding what a keylogger is, how it operates, and the ways to protect yourself can make a tangible difference to your digital safety. This guide provides a comprehensive, easy-to-follow explanation of what a keylogger is, the different types that…
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The name mafiaboy has been etched into the annals of early internet history as a defining moment for the digital age. This clandestine moniker belongs to a Canadian teenager who, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, thrust cyber security into mainstream conversation. mafiaboy, or Mafiaboy when capitalised as a proper noun, became a symbol…
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Understanding WPA-PSK is essential for anyone who wants to protect their home or small office wireless network. In the world of Wi‑Fi security, the term WPA-PSK (Wi‑Fi Protected Access with Pre-Shared Key) is widely used, and for good reason. This guide unpacks what WPA-PSK means, how it works, and how you can optimise your network…
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In the crowded landscape of digital search, a single concept can shape how content is written, structured, and discovered. The Em Key is one such concept—a coined term that captures the most essential elements of effective content optimisation. This article explores what the Em Key means in practice, how it influences on-page strategy, and why…
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Shellshock Exploit: A Brief Introduction The term shellshock exploit refers to a family of vulnerability flaws discovered in Bash, the widely used Unix shell, which allowed attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. First publicly disclosed in 2014, this vulnerability highlighted the subtle and dangerous ways in which environment variables can influence the execution…
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In a world where APIs, microservices, and distributed systems are the norm, mTLS authentication stands out as a robust and elegant solution for securing communications. Rather than relying solely on server-side credentials, mTLS authentication adds a second line of defence by requiring the client to present a valid certificate, establishing trust through mutual verification. This…
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In the world of online commerce, fraud prevention is a constant priority for merchants and shoppers alike. Address Verification System (AVS) codes play a crucial role in verifying that the person placing an order is consistent with the cardholder on file. This comprehensive guide dives into AVS codes, what they mean, how they’re used in…
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The name BadLock has become synonymous with a family of authentication flaws that surfaced in the mid-2010s, sending ripples through Windows, Samba, and related networked systems. This guide uses both forms—BadLock and badlock—to reflect common usage and to aid search results, while keeping a clear focus on practical defence. Across organisations large and small, the…
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The term Norton Canon sits at an interesting crossroads in literary studies. It evokes not only the enduring influence of canonical texts but also the distinctive role that the Norton publishing house plays in shaping scholarly and classroom reading. This guide traverses the foundations of the Norton Canon, the ways in which it is curated,…
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In a world where data travels across networks and rests in diverse storage systems, the challenge is not merely to encrypt information but to do so efficiently, securely, and at scale. Hybrid encryption sits at the intersection of public-key cryptography and symmetric encryption, combining the best of both worlds to deliver fast data protection without…
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In the modern online landscape, squatting online refers to the unauthorised or opportunistic occupation of digital real estate—domains, usernames, or profiles—that belong to a brand, person, or organisation. While the term may evoke images of occupied buildings, here it describes a spectrum of activities where someone reserves a domain name, social handle, or digital property…
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In an era where information travels at the speed of thought and crises can unfold across borders in moments, Command Control stands as a cornerstone of effective leadership. Whether coordinating a military operation, managing public safety during a disaster, or steering a multinational organisation through a complex change programme, Command Control shapes how decisions are…
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In an era of pervasive connectivity, knowing what constitutes acceptable use is essential for individuals, organisations, and institutions. The phrase acceptable use describes the agreed boundaries for how digital resources—ranging from company networks and email to public Wi‑Fi and cloud services—may be utilised. A robust understanding of Acceptable Use not only protects data and systems…
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The E key, a humble letter on almost every keyboard, plays a surprisingly significant part in how we interact with digital devices. In this comprehensive guide, we explore the key E from multiple angles: its position on the keyboard, its everyday uses in software, its historical evolution, accessibility considerations, and how the key E can…
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